“Sindhu Jal Samjhauta” (सिंधु जल समझौता).

👉  Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) signed between India and Pakistan in 1960, with the World Bank as a mediator.

Here are the key points:

• Date & Place: Signed on 19 September 1960 in Karachi.

• Signatories:

  • Prime Minister of India – Jawaharlal Nehru

  • President of Pakistan – Ayub Khan

  • World Bank representative – W.A.B. Illif

• Rivers Covered: It divides the waters of the Indus river system (total 6 rivers).

  • Western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) → given mostly to Pakistan.

  • Eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) → allocated to India.

• Why Important?

  • It is considered one of the most successful water-sharing agreements in the world, still functioning despite wars and tensions between India and Pakistan.

  • It governs water usage for irrigation, power generation, and development projects.

🔹 In short: Sindhu Jal Samjhauta = Indus Waters Treaty (1960), a water-sharing pact between India & Pakistan.

Current Status:

• India suspended its participation in the treaty in April 2025 amid heightened tensions.

• Pakistan views this suspension as a violation and is contemplating legal recourse.